A comprehensive molecular survey of viral pathogens associated with canine gastroenteritis.

Viral pathogens are the primary cause of canine gastroenteritis. However, few structured comprehensive studies on the viral etiology of canine gastroenteritis have been conducted. In this study, 475 rectal swabs collected over three years (2018-2021) from clinical canine gastroenteritis cases were screened for the presence of six major enteric viruses - canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine astrovirus (CaAstV), and canine rotavirus (CRV) - by real-time PCR. The most frequently detected virus was CPV-2, which was present in 64.8% of the samples (subtype 2a, 21.1%; 2b, 77.4%; 2c, 1.5%), followed by CDV (8%), CaAstV (7.2%), CCoV (5.9%), and CAdV-2 (4.6%). Two to four of these viruses in different combinations were found in 16.8% of the samples, and CRV was not detected. The complete genome sequences of Indian isolates of CDV, CCoV, and CaAstV were determined for the first time, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. This study highlights the need for routine prophylactic vaccination with the appropriate vaccines. Notably, 70.3% of animals vaccinated with DHPPiL were found to be positive for at least one virus. Hence, regular molecular analysis of the prevalent viruses is crucial for addressing vaccination failures.

Effect of Adjunct Tele-Yoga on Clinical Status at 14 Days in Hospitalized mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial (preprint)

Background: We tested if tele-yoga intervention could aid in better clinical management for hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 when complemented with the standard of care. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Narayana Hrudalaya, Bengaluru, India on hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, enrolled between May 31st and July 22, 2021. Patients (n=225) were randomized in 1:1 ratio [adjunct tele-yoga (n = 113), or standard of care (n = 112)]. Adjunct yoga group received intervention in tele-mode within 4 hours post-randomization until 14 days along with the standard of care. The primary outcome was clinical status at 14th-day post-randomization assessed with a 7-category ordinal scale. The trial included 11 secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality. Results: As compared with standard of care alone, the proportional odds of having a higher score on the seven-point ordinal scale at day 14 was ~1.9 for the adjunct tele-yoga group (95% CI, 1.18-3.18). CRP and LDH levels were comparatively reduced in the adjunct tele-yoga group 5th day post-randomization. CRP reduction was also observed as a potential mediator for the improvement of clinical outcomes in the adjunct tele-yoga group. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups concerning the duration of hospitalization, all-cause mortality at day 28; log-rank P = 0.144, and other outcomes. Conclusion: The observed clinically relevant outcomes in COVID-19 patients at day 14 contest the use of tele-yoga as a complementary treatment in hospital settings.